Moursi,E.A. ; Manal,A.Aziz and Mona,A.M-EL-Mansoury,( 2013). Effect of length of irrigation run and nitrogen rates on productivity of some water relations and nitrogen content in heavy clay soils.J, of Agricultural Reasearch Kafrelsheikh Univ. Vol. 40 (3): 630-658.
Abstract: Two field experiments were conducted at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate during the two successive winter seasons 2012/2013 and 2013/2014. The site represents the circumstances and conditions of Middle Northern part of Nile Delta region and allocated at 310 07ˉ N Latitude, 300 57ˉ E longitude with an elevation of about 6 metres above mean sea level. The main target for this present investigation was to study the effect of length of irrigation run and nitrogen rates on productivity of some wheat cultivars, and some nutrients and water relations for the studied area.
The experimental design was split split plot with four replicates, the main plots were randomly assigned by three irrigation treatments, I1 (control treatment, irrigation till 100 % from strip length, 70 m full irrigation) I2 (cut off at 90 % from strip length, 63m) and I3(cut off at 80 % from strip length, 56m), while the sub main plots were randomly assigned by three wheat cultivars V1 (Sakha93) V2 (Giza 168) and V3 (Sakha94), while the sub-sub main plots were randomly assigned by three nitrogen rates(N), of N1 (application of 60 kg N/fed.) N2 (application of 75 kg N/fed.) and N3 (application of 90 kg N/fed.).
The main findings can be summarized as follows:
•The highest seasonal overall mean values for the applied irrigation water and water consumptive use were recorded under irrigation treatment (I1) and found to be 2459.8 and 2477.4 m3/fad. for water applied and consumptive use in the first and second growing season, respectively. 1870.3 m³/fed (44.5 cm), 2057.3 m³/fed. (49.0cm). Meanwhile, the lowest seasonal overall mean values were recorded under irrigation treatment (I3) and found to be 2202.8, 2242.4 m³/fed, and 1553.1 m³/fed (37.0 cm), 1705.9 m³/fed. (40.6 cm), respectively. Also, the highest values were recorded under Giza 168 followed by Sakha94 and finally Sakha93 in the two seasons. While the nitrogen rates didn't have any effect on applied water. However the seasonal water consumptive use had the highest values under N3.
•Regarding, water productivity (WP) and productivity of irrigation water (PIW).The highest ones were recorded under (I2) and found to be 1.75 and 1.32 kg/m³.While, the lowest mean values were recorded under (I1) and found to be 1.52 and 1.21 kg/m³ for (WP and PIW), respectively. Regarding the effect of wheat cultivars, the mean values can be arranged in order Giza 168 > Sakha93 > Sakha94 for the two efficiencies, while for the effect of nitrogen rates the mean values can be descended in order N1 > N2 > N3 for the two efficiencies.
•The highest seasonal mean values grain yield, straw yield and 1000 grain weight were recording under irrigation treatment (I2); found to be 3083.07 and 3089.49 for grain yield, 3899.20 and 3848.44 kg/fed for straw yield, and 49.35 and 49.76(g) for 1000 grain weight in the first and the second seasons, respectively. Meanwhile, the lowest mean values were recorded under (I3) in the two seasons. Concerning, the effect of wheat cultivars, the mean values can be descended in order Giza 168 > Sakha94> Sakha93 in the two seasons. The effect of nitrogen rates on the yield and its component in the two growing seasons can be arranged in order N3 > N2 > N1.
•The highest mean values of nitrogen concentration % in grains and straw, protein content in grains and nitrogen uptake by grains were recorded under irrigation treatment (I2) and the mean values were 1.795, 1.806 and 0.278, 0.296 for N % and 11.193, 11.280 % for protein content and 55.62 and 56.05 kg/fed for nitrogen uptake by grain in the first and the second seasons, respectively. Meanwhile, the lowest mean values were recorded under irrigation treatment (I3) and found to be 1.474, 1.476 and 0.238, 0.244 and 8.187, 9.215 % and 39.92 and 40.15 kg/fed, respectively. Concerning, the effect of wheat cultivars, the mean values for the abovementioned studied parameters can be descended in order Giza 168 > Sakha94 > Sakha93. While the effect of nitrogen rates. The mean values can be descended in order N3 > N2 > N1 in the two seasons.
•These results indicated that wheat variety Giza 168 cultivated under irrigation till 90% of the strip length and under nitrogen rate application of 90 kg N /fad. is the best wheat cultivar under the condition of the studied area to obtain best grain yield and water productivity.
Keywords: (Cut off irrigation- wheat cultivars- water relations- nitrogen concentration and uptake.)
