Ali, E.M. M.M. Soliman O.A.O. Mazen and H.A. Awadalla ( 2011). CONTROLLING PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODES BY USING AQUA and ANHYDROUS AMMONIA.Egypt. J of Appl. Sci., 26 (1)2011 1-19
Abstract: Eggs and juveniles of Meloidogyne incognita were exposed to five concentrations (1:10), (1:20), (1:40), (1:80) and (1:160) of aqua ammonia 20% under laboratory conditions. All aqua ammonia concentrations inhibited the hatching of eggs and increased the percentage of mortality. The two high concentrations (1:10) and (1:20) were the most effective. Under glasshouse experiment, two concentrations i.e. (1:10) and (1:20) of aqua ammonia followed by phosphoric acid 1% (100 ml and 50 ml) showed the greatest nematicidal activities in reducing percentage of disease severity of root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita on cucumber plants (J2/250 g. soil 86.3 and 78.4%, root galling 90.5 and 85.7%, egg-masses 93.8 and 87.5 respectively) and improved growth of plants significantly (fresh shoot weights 70.7 and 56.1% and root weights 83.8 and 74.2% respectively) compared to control. Under field conditions a green-house results revealed that all treatments showed remarkable suppression of nematode population in soil, root-galling and egg-masses, and increased the yield of cucumber compared with untreated soil. Methyl bromide (60gm/m2) and metham sodium 100 cm3/m2 were more efficient on controlling nematode than aqua ammonia at rate of (1:10) followed by phosphoric acid 3%. Although these fumigants are more effective, they have major disadvantage. On the other hand aqua ammonia gave significantly different efficiency for controlling Meloidogyne incognita causing suppression of juveniles (J2) in soil, root galling and egg-masses indices (79.0, 73.9 and 82.4% respectively and improved growth yield of cucumber plants 97.6% compared to control.
The results suggest that aqua ammonia 20% as nitrogen fertilizers followed by phosphoric acid could be used as nematicide in controlling plant parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita on cucumber under high tunnel conditions. The maximum yield of dry matter, N, P and K content were obtained by application of aqua ammonia (1:10) + 100ml phosphoric acid in glasshouse. In commercial high tunnel the application of methyl bromide gave the highest yield of dry matter yield. However, no significant difference between the plants treated with methyl bromide and anhydrous ammonia (1:10) + 3% phosphoric acid. On the other hand, the highest values of N, P and K-uptake taken up by cucumber plants were obtained by application of anhydrous ammonia (1:10) + 3% phosphoric acid.
Keywords: (Ammonia hydroxide, aqua and anhydrous ammonia, cucumber, Meloidogyne incognita, metham sodium, methyl bromide.)
