Tolba, Hager I. and Mohamed, Magda N.( 2016). Effect Of Chitinase Releasing Bacteria And Humate On Growth, Productivity And Root Knot Nematode Control Of Flame Seedless Grapevines. Nature and Science, 14(2): 97-106
Abstract: This study was conducted for two successive seasons (2013 and 2014) in a private vineyard located at 64 Km of Cairo-Alexandria desert road to study the effect of chitinase producing bacteria and humate on growth, productivity and root knot nematode control of Flame Seedless grapevines. The chosen vines were ten-years-old, grown in a sandy loam soil, spaced at 2 X 2.75 meters apart and irrigated by the drip irrigation system, trained to bilateral cordon with spur pruning, and trellised by the "Y" shape system. The vines were pruned during the last week of January with bud load of (60 buds/vine). The chitinase producing bacteria strains were isolated from soil of the same farm at 10 to 15 cm depth of rhizospheric zone of grape plants and enriched in a minimal medium containing chitin as a sole source of carbon. The screening of chitinase producing isolates was performed by spot inoculating each of the isolates at the center of Colloidal Chitin Agar (CCA) plates containing colloidal chitin 0.5% w/v. The three isolates which showed the highest clear zone were considered as the potential chitinase producing strain and then grown in chitin broth to determine chitinase enzyme activity. Then identified by Bio-log Technique as Bacillus subtilis Bs12, Bacillus subtilis Bs14 and Pseudomonas fluorescens, these strains were used in the field experimente with humate supported by macro-elements NPK (10: 10:10 ) (HA1) or micro-elements (Fe 1%, Mn 0.5%, Mg 1%) (HA2). Bacterial inoculants and humate were soil drench applied at 10 L/ fed for bacterial inoculants and 3 L/ fed for humate. They were added individually or in combination among them at three application dates: the 1st date (after bud burst), the 2nd date (after shattering) and the 3rd date (4 weeks after shattering). The results showed that, the inoculation of Pseudomonas fluorescens + Humate (HA1) significantly were the best results in comparison with the other treatments and control in both seasons. However, it reduced in nematode no. in soil and roots, which it reflected later in increasing the yield and its components and achieve the best physical characteristics of bunches including bunch weight, length and width, as well as improving the physical characteristics of the berries, i.e. (berry weight, size and dimensions) and chemical characteristics of the berries, including T.S.S. (%), total acidity (%), TSS /acid ratio and total anthocyanin, in addition enhancement of some vegetative attributes i.e. (shoot length and number of leaves) and leaf content of total chlorophyll and mineral content including NPK (%).The economical study indicated that bio inoculation with Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria accompanied with Humate supported by macro-elements (HA1) gave the highest net income as compared to the control of Flame Seedless grapevines.
Keywords: (Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, humate, Flame Seedless, grapevine, yield, anthocyanin, root knot nematode. )
