Ali, Laila K. M.; Samira E. Mahrous; A. E.A. Sherif and Abol Maate S.M
( 2011). Effect of tillage system and nitrogen fertilizers on nutrient content in soil and plant and the reflection on N2O and CO2 emissionEgypt . J. of Appl. Sci., 26 (8)328-362
Abstract: Nitrogen application and tillage system can have a significant effect on plant biomass production and emission gases CO2 and N2O. The field experiment was conducted from 2009 and 2009/2010 Agric. Res. Center, Res. Station Giza and with maize (Zea mays L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) rotation. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with split plot arrangements. Tillage systems (no-tillage and conventional tillage) in the main plots whereas different sources N fertilizers were allotted to sub-plots, with three replications. Studied the combined effect of soil tillage (no tillage and conventional tillage) and nitrogen fertilizers( mineral fertilizer ( (NH4)2SO4 at a rate of recommended for maize and barely plants, compost at a rate of 5 ton fed-1, rice straw as raw material at a rate of 1kg m2 and bacteria fixed of nitrogen atmosphere as bio-fertilizer at rate of 8 L fed-1) on some soil properties as well as pH, EC, organic matter (OM) and available N, P and K in experimentally soil and yield and component yield for maize and barley plants and reflected that on emissions gases (CO2 and N2O) under cultivated soil. Maize and barley were the crop indicators and the 1000 weight grains, grain and straw yield, crop and harvest index, protein content, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents in grain and straw of the maturity plants were the measurable parameters of the current study. The obtained results, N fertilizers under no-tillage system more effective on pH, EC, OM due to application of compost combined with raw materials, while significantly effect on available N, p and K due to application of raw materials combined with mineral nitrogen. Strongly effect on yield and yield components for maize and barley plants in case of conventional tillage compared to no-tillage. Interaction effect of N fertilizers and tillage system was significantly effect in all parameters in soil and plants, especially first season after application of N fertilizers, but lowest effect in second season (residual effect). Chamber experiments were conducted using plastic buckets as the experimental units. Greenhouse gas fluxes were measured over 5 measurements during the growth of maize and barley plants. At the field scale, soil-water content and temperature were generally related to both optimum CO2 and N2O emissions, but the relationships were highly variable. The results suggest that position-specific variations and interaction with N fertilizers and tillage should be accounted for to improve the estimates of GHG emissions from irrigated soils. Correlation coefficient between pH, EC, OM, moisture soil content and temperature, and emission CO2 and N2O depended on texture of soil and conditions of soil management and type of crop, generally, more effective in first season than second ones in case of no-tillage.
Keywords: (Nitrogen fertilizers, No-tillage, Conventional tillage, Maize and barley plants, Emission gases, N2O, CO2 )
