Abdel-Aal M.H.; K. S. El-Hedek and T.A. Aboul EL-Defan ( 2015). Study on The Status of Soil Salinity and Availability of Nutrients & Some Heavy Metals at Soil of Sahl El_Tina Area (North Sinai) Egypt. J. of Appl. Sci.: 30 (3): (2015) 175-197
Abstract: This search work is consider a survey study and carried out on soils at Sahl El-Tina area (north Sinai) which submissive to irrigation with low water quality of El-Salam canal. The objective of search was to tracking the annual and seasonal variations during the winter and the summer seasons of 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 in salinity and availability of macro-nutrients (N, P and K), micro-nutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu) as well as heavy metals of Pb and Cd in the studied soils. Obtained data showed that:
• Generally, EC (dS/m) of soil sites ranged from 1.26 to 9.14 (dS/m), which increased than these soils irrigated with good water quality of Nile. Also, EC (dS/m) values of the studied soil locations were higher during the winter seasons (with mean values of EC ≈ 4.54 dS/m) than during the summer seasons (with mean values of EC ≈ 4.33 dS/m).
• Available-N during the growth season of 2011/2012 recorded the medium levels (11-20 mg/kg.soil), whereas their values ranged from 15.03 to 18.02.While their values during the growth season of 2012/2013 achieved very high levels (21 - 30 mg/kg.soil), which ranged from 41.45 to 76.82.
The greatest mean values of available – N (66.21mg/kg.soil) were noticed at summer season of 2012/2013 and the smallest mean values of available – N were recorded at winter season of 2011/2012 (16.35 mg/kg. soil).
• The values of available –P which determined in the most sites (27 sites), under investigation, were including in the order of (3.0 > Low available-P, mg. /kg. soil < 4.0) and the other five sites were belong to the level of (4 < Medium available-P < 7). On the other hand the annual mean value of available–P, of all sites, during the growth season of 2011/2012 (3.25 mg./kg. soil) was higher than the corresponding value during the growth season of 2012/2013 (2.65 mg/kg.soil).
The greatest values of available – P was noticed at summer season of 2012/2013 with mean of 3.66 mg. /kg. and the smallest values of Available – P were recorded at winter season of 2011/2012 and mean of 2.59 mg/kg.soil.
• All soils of the studied sites had values of available-K ranged in the high level of available –K, i.e. 121- 180 mg/kg.soil. The greatest available –K values were noticed at winter season of 2011/2012 with mean of 148.25 mg./kg.soil, while the lowest mean available - K value of 135.25 mg./kg.soil was recorded at summer season of 2012/2013.
The annual mean value of available –K was higher at the growth season of 2011/2011 (143.44 mg.kg/soil) than 2012/2013 (139.88 mg.kg/soil).
• Great differences were noticed between the values of available -Fe among the different soils under this survey study. But in general, the calculated annual mean of available–Fe (mg. /kg. soil) were 9.42 and 10.66 during the growth seasons of 2011/ 2012 and 2012/ 2013, respectively.
• Similar trends were observed with available – Mn. Generally, the calculated annual mean of available–Mn (mg./kg.soil) were 1.90 and 1.57 during the growth seasons of 2011/ 2012 and 2012/ 2013, respectively.
• The calculated annual mean of available–Zn (mg./kg.soil) were 1.17 and 0.71 during the growth seasons of 2011/ 2012 and 2012/ 2013, respectively.
• The greatest available –Cu values were noticed at summer season of 2011/2012 with mean of 7.57 mg./kg.soil, followed by the values of available- Cu at winter season of 2011/2012 with mean of 1.38 mg. /kg. soil), and then the values of Available – Cu which recorded at summer season of 2012/2013 with 1.21 mg/kg.soil), while the lowest mean value of available-Cu (0.85 mg./kg.soil) was recorded at summer season of 2012/2013.
• The annual mean values of available–Pb were 1.59 and 16.51 (mg./kg.soil) at the growing seasons of 2011/2012 and 2012/2013, respectively. The greatest values of available–Pb were noticed at the winter season of 2012/2013 with mean of 18.09 mg. /kg. soil , followed by the values of available- Pb at summer season of 2012/2013 with mean of 14.93 mg. /kg. soil and then the values of available –Pb which recorded at winter season of 2011/2012 with mean of 1.68 mg/kg.soil) , followed with the lowest mean value of available–Pb (1.50 mg./kg.soil) at summer season of 2011/2012.
These recorded values were overstepping the guideline value of 1.0 (mg./kg.soil) which represents the critical value of available–Pb of soil.
• Under this survey study, t he greatest values of available–Cd were noticed at summer season of 2012/2013 with mean of 0.87 mg./kg.soil , followed by the values of available –Cd at winter season of 2011/2012 with mean of 0.29 mg. / kg. soil , and then the values of available – Cd
which recorded at summer season of 2011/2012 with mean of 0.25 mg/kg.soil) , followed with the lowest mean value of available–Cd (0.17 mg./kg.soil) winter season of 2012/2013. On the other hand, the general annual mean values of available–Cd were 0.27 and 0.52 (mg./kg.soil) at the growing seasons of 2011/2012 and 2012/2013, respectively. These values of available–Cd were overstepping the guideline value of 0.06 (mg./kg.soil) which represents the critical value of available–Cd of soil.
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