Kamel, Ahalm M.; Wafye El. Teyor; T. A. Aboul EL-Defan; M. M. El- Poraas and Fatma H. El-Agyzy( 2014). Chemical Properties and Elemental Ions Status of El- Salam Canal Irrigation Water at Sahl El-Tina Area (North Sinai) J. Soil Sci. and Agric. Eng., Mansoura Univ., Vol. 5 (9): 1285-1298, 2014
Abstract:
The objective of this study was to tracking the annual and seasonal variations in the chemical properties of El-Salam canal water at the area of Sahl El-Tina (north Sinai), during the winter and the summer of the two growing seasons of 2011/2012 and 2012/2013. Chemical and elemental properties analyses were carried out to water samples, which collected along the main source of irrigating crops from El-Salam Canal at Sahl El-Tina area, and their average values were calculated and then The obtained data showed that:
• pH values varied from 7.39 to 7.81 indicating that the irrigation water samples of El- Canal were slightly alkaline. pH mean value was more in the season of 2012/2013 (pH≈ 7.79) than the season of 2011/2012 (pH≈ 7.42). Also pH values were more at summer season than winter season during the season of 2011/2012 and the contrary trend was observed during the season of 2012/2013.
• Electrical conductivity (EC) values of El-Salam Canal water, at Sahl El-Tina area, ranged between 1.63 and 3.77 (dS/m). Their values were 2.70 and 2.12 (dS/m) for the seasons of 2011/2012 and 2012/2013, respectively. During 2011/2012 EC (dS/m) values were more in winter than in summer and the contrary trend was noticed during 2012/2013 growing season.
The type of irrigation water may be considering medium saline irrigation water and can be used in light textured soils, which have a good drainage systems.
• Soluble ions of Na+ and Cl- increased progressively with increasing EC levels in the irrigation water at the growing seasons 2011/2012 and also at the growing seasons 2012/2013.
As for the annual variations of soluble ions, concentrations of all soluble ions (meq/l) except Mg++ and HCO3- increased at the season of 2011/2012 than at the seasons of 2012/2013. Seasonal variations during the growing season of 2011/2012 showed that, all concentration (meq/l) of soluble ions increased at winter season than at summer season, except K+ behaved contrary trend. During 2012/2013, all soluble ions increased at summer season comparing with winter season, except Mg+ + and HCO3- behaved contrary trend.
These variations can be due to increasing agricultural activities and rainfall, increasing in the leaching processes in some locations and high evaporation, as a result to high temperature.
• Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), is usually used to evaluate the relatively hazards of Na+ ion which associated with the irrigation water supply on soil properties. Throughout the season of 2011/2012, SAR was decreased at summer than at winter. While opposite trend was noticed through the growing season of 2012/2013. As for the annual variations in SAR values, data indicated that SAR decreased at 2011/2012 than at 2012/2013.
But in general SAR ranged from 6.15 to 12.52 throughout the two seasons of growth of the current investigation study. These types of water can be used for irrigate
the soils with coarse textured, which have good permeability, because their values ranged 10 > SAR <18.
With respect to the elemental nutrients of El-Salam Canal irrigation water, throughout the two seasons of growth, their concentrations were varied from 2.84 to 5.75 mg/l for N, from 0.80 to 1.49 mg/l for P, from 0.89 to 0.92 mg/l for Fe, from 0.28 to 1.80mg/l for Mn, from 0.56 to 0.97 mg/l for Zn and from 0.03 to 0.09 mg/l for Cu.
The annual variations were represented by the concentrations of 3.07 and 5.28 mg/l for N, 1.15, 1.04 mg/l for P, 0.95 and 0.91 mg/l for Fe, 1.32 and 0.55 mg/l for Mn, 0.73 and 0.83 mg/l for Zn, 0.06 and 0.06 mg/l for Cu at the season of 2011/2012 and the season of 2012/2013, respectively. Their seasonal variations showed that, at summer season of 2011/2012 all the concentrations of N, Fe, Mn, and Cu (mg/l) increased than their corresponding values at winter season. On contrary trend, P and Zn showed decreasing in their concentrations (mg/l) at summer season than their at winter season. While data showed that the at summer season2012/2013, N, P, Fe, and Zn (mg/l) increased than at winter season. On contrary trend, Mn and Cu showed decreasing in their values (mg/l) at summer season than their values at winter season.
In general, contents of N and P were considered blow the critical limits. Contents of Fe, Mn and Zn (mg/l) were, also, below the maximum ranges.
Data showed that Pb concentration (mg/l) ranged between 1.38 & 1.35 (mg/l) at 2011/2012 and 1.72 & 1.44 (mg/l) at 2012/2013 during the summer and the winter seasons, respectively. Cd-contents (mg/l) were ≈ 0.05 (mg/l), with non-effective differences were observed between Cd values either at winter or at summer for the two growth seasons of 2011/2012 and 2012/2013. Generally, the investigated contents of Pb (mg/l)were below the recommended maximum ranges.While the obtained Cd values can be considered anomalous, and above the recommended maximum limit.
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