Nassr, M.M.I.; E.A. Moursi and M.M. Kassab( 2014). Effect of irrigation water quality on some soil properties, productivity of some wheat cultivars and their contents of heavy metalsJ. Soil Sci. and Agric. Eng., Mansoura Univ., Vol. 5 (9): 1317-1333, 2014
Abstract: Two lyzimeter investigations were carried out at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate. The site of this investigation is located at 31o05- N latitude and 30o56- E longitude with an elevation of about 6 meters above mean sea level. This location represents the conditions of the North Middle Nile Delta region. The experiment was conducted during the two successive winter growing seasons 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 to investigate the impact of irrigation water quality for long-term on some soil characteristics, productivity of some wheat cultivars and also their contents of heavy metals. Wheat cultivars were four, Misr-2, Misr-1, Sakha 94 and Sakha 93 in the two growing seasons to study the content of their grains and straw of some heavy metals such as Pb, Cd, Ni, Mn, Zn and Cu as affected by different water qualities since 1987. The irrigation water qualities were: W1, (Nile Water, good water quality), W3 (drainage water, relatively poor water quality) and W2 (mixed water, 50% W1 + 50% W3). A split plot design with four replicates was used where; the main plots were assigned by irrigation water quality. While, sub main plots were assigned for wheat cultivars. The main results in this present study can be summarized as follows:
-The main values of soluble ions Cl-, SO4=, Ca++, Mg++, Na+, K+ and determined ECe, measured pH and calculated SAR were increased by using low irrigation water quality W3 in comparison with W1 and W2. Generally, the mean values of the abovementioned studied parameters can be descended in order W3>W2>W1 before planting. The same trend was observed after planting process but the mean values were higher than those before planting.
-Concerning grain yield, the mean values can be descended in order Misr-2 > Misr-1 > Sakha 94 > Sakha 93 of 452, 428, 413 and 366 (gm/Lyz.). The same trend was obtained for straw yield but the mean values are 1156, 1128, 1116 and 1013 (gm/Lyz.), respectively. Increasing the mean values of Misr-2 yields in comparison with other studied cultivars; it means that cultivar is more tolerant to the mixed and drainage water when use for irrigation than other cultivars.
-Regarding the effect of irrigation water quality, the highest mean values for grain and straw yields were recorded under W1 comparing with W2 and W3. Concerning, DTPA-extractable Pb, Cd, Ni, Mn, Zn and Cu, the highest mean values were recorded under W3 comparing with W1 and W2 before planting. The same trend was obtained after planting but the mean values were higher than those before planting.
-Straw content of the studied heavy metals were higher than that of corresponding grains for studied water quality treatments. Wheat straw and grain contents of Pb, Cd, Ni, Mn, Zn and Cu were higher under W3 in comparison with W1 and W2. The grains of wheat cultivar Misr-2 were the lowest in their contents of these heavy metals followed by those of Misr-1. The straw of Misr-2 had also the lowest content of Cd,Ni and Zn when drainage water was used for irrigation. So, in conclusion, the study recommend planting the cultivar Misr-2 for irrigation with drainage water because it is the least affected by heavy metals and salinity.
Keywords: (wheat, water qualities, heavy metals.)
