Abd EI-Megid, M.S. A.G. Rahal and Nashwa A.H. Fetyan ( 2004). Efficiency Of Some Plant Products In The Management Of Soilborne Diseases Of
Peanut And Soil Microorganisms
Egypt.I.Appl. Sci; 19 (9A) 2004 35·48
Abstract: Evaluating the efficiency of treating peanut seeds with five plant powders as seed treatment (5 gm/kg seeds) and five plant essential oils as seed dip treatment (25 mlll water) in controlling damping-off, root rot and pod rot diseases was achieved in the field, during 2002 & 2003 seasons. Pod yields as well as nitrogenase activity in the soil and total counts of microorganisms were also determined. Percentages of infection by damping-off (Pre- & Post-emergence), root rots and pod rots were significantly decreased than the controls with the treated plant powders and oils of Comphore tree, Eucalyptus and Sweet basil as well as oils of Garlic and Onion, except Eucalyptus oil only with pod rots. The treatments tested during the two trial seasons, gave increases in plant survivals by (24.1-196.1 %) than the control, while they recorded decreased by (21.3-76.6 %) and (22.6-78.8 %) in percentages of root-rots and pod rots, respectively. Also, increases
ranged between (16-152 %) in pod yields were recorded. Garlic oil was the best treatment, since it gave the most valuable reaction in the management of damping-off, root rots and pod rots as well as in increasing pod yields, followed by Onion oil, Comphore oil and Sweet basil powder and oil in some cases. However, garlic oil recorded increase by (144.5-152.0 %) in pod yield. In contrast, powders oflemongrass and
Eucalyptus were often the least effective treatments against peanut diseases tested. Soil nitrogenase activity was higher by using onion and garlic oils compared with the other treatments. Powders of lemongrass and Red periwinkle recorded the highest total count of soil bacteria. In contrast, among the plant product treatments, onion and garlic oils
recorded a lowest total count of fungi. Key words: Plant products, powders, oils, control, soilborne diseases, damping-off, root rot, pod rot, peanut diseases, nitrogenase activity, soil microorganisms
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